PSIA-NW Technical Team

The Feedback Model

An article by Rick Lyons, Team Member and Nick McDonald, Team Head Coach

The PSIA-NW Technical Team has crafted a feedback model to help with the organization of information while assessing skiing/riding performance and to provide clearer feedback. This model does not tell you how to conduct movement analysis in the sense of a method of observation (i.e. top down, bottom to top, whole to parts, or parts to whole, etc.). Its design is to help with what to do with the information after you have gathered it. Much of the information will sound familiar or something you already do; the goal of utilizing the model is consistency in your organization of information regarding and surrounding the areas of tool performance, movement patterns and desired outcomes and the delivery of that information.

At first glance the model (or feedback tool as many on the team also refer to it) may seem rather simple and you may ask yourself “How do I use it?”. To answer this question, let’s look at the components that make up the tool. Like the skills concept diagram, there is no prescribed way to start, no single concept is more important than another and you cannot rely solely on one concept to be successful in your analysis and subsequent teaching or coaching. The model is cyclical and you may begin the process at any of the bubbles. For this discussion let’s follow the order of Communication-> Desired Outcome –> Tool/Snow Interaction-> Movements. We’ve found this to be a nice introduction to the process and one you may be able to utilize more quickly.

The center of the model - “Communication”, the bulls-eye, is likely the most important component of the model, though it leverages the other pieces to be effective.

Without good communication the model breaks down. If we are not connecting, even the most accurate feedback will have little or no effect. The challenge with this bubble is “Leverage the Positive.” If you have been teaching for years, you may be familiar with other language like “error detection”, “fault correction” or “ineffective cues”. We have been trained for years to look for issues and give information like “stop that”, “don’t do this” or “you are still doing that thing”. For some, pointing out what is wrong is the preferred feedback. For most of our clients this is likely not the case and if the feedback has a negative tone, especially at the beginning, we may be shutting down the lines of communication and in fact may cause them to stop doing what is working well. The concept of “leverage the positive” is to look for what is working well and enhance it such that it helps reduce the issues. If you do in fact prefer to be told what you are doing wrong, communicating that to your coach would be considered leveraging a positive relationship.

The next bubble to examine is “Desired Outcome”. This bubble is key to providing accurate feedback that connects with the receiver.

Have you ever been working on a specific movement and have someone give you feedback out of the blue about something completely different? If we don’t know the student’s intent, then giving feedback may have little or no meaning. If the student’s goal is to work on steering the feet & legs under the body and he receives feedback about hands, carving or edging, then the feedback is ineffective if it is not tied back to the goal. This falls right in line with good teaching. We always try to determine/establish goals with our students and often need to adjust those goals or create sub goals as a path to achieving the larger goal. Likewise, when providing feedback, if we tie it back to the desired outcome, then the receiver will be more willing to accept and understand the feedback.

The next bubble, “Tool/Snow Interaction” is often an overlooked or minimally discussed area.

This could be termed the “Effect” bubble. What did the ski or board actually do in the snow? Was the turn round? What do the tracks look like? At what part of the turn do the edge(s) engage? Is the turn skidded, slipping or carved? Looking for the effects can lead us towards more accurately assessing achievement of the desired outcome. For example, if the desired outcome is a carved turn in which the edges are engaged immediately, then we should be looking at the top of the turn as well as the fall-line and finish. Do the tips lead the tails? Is the turn “C” shaped where the top matches the bottom? Is the track generally the same width top to bottom? If so, great! If not, where was it good and when did the good begin and end? Armed with this information we can now move into determining the cause.

The last bubble, “Movements” is the bubble where many of us tend to dwell, maybe too much. This could also be called the “Cause” bubble.

This bubble is where a large number of tools exist we are familiar with, The Skills Concept, Functional Movement Patterns, Skiing/Riding Concepts, Fundamental Movements and more. In our previous example, the carved turn, we can start looking for movements associated with the effects we noted. Let’s say the track was not quite “C” shaped and the top width was wider than the bottom. This would indicate the top part of the turn was being twisted or steered off. Knowing this, we could start looking for movements that would cause the twisting/steered top. Or to “leverage the positive” look for the movements when the track is achieving the goal. Then keying on those “good” movements, change the Duration, Rate, Timing or Intensity to help achieve the goal throughout the turn.

It is important to understand the model is a balance and blend of the three concepts; Desired Outcome, Tool/ Snow Interaction and Movements and are always changing depending on the student and the situation presented to you as an instructor. It is your understanding of that information which makes this model work. From the new instructor to the veteran, this model/tool allows each to apply the information received and use it successfully. As your knowledge base and experience grows so too will the level you are able to use and apply the model.

This is not an attempt to recreate the wheel, in fact these concepts have been around for many years and have been brought together and organized in such a way so they can be used effectively while consistently giving well rounded feedback to those you are working with.

If you have any questions about using the model please feel free to contact any of your Technical Team members. We are all very eager to share our experiences using the model and welcome your feedback and experiences too!